Extraversion (E) v Introversion (I)

Extraversion primarily indicates a preference towards; action, people and things.

Introversion points to the internal world of ideas and reflection.

Primarily, extroversion orientated people draw energy from extroversion, while introversion orinetation loses energy from extroversion and vice versa.

(Nb: I'd put a cavet on this, as introversion people can display more more extroversion when dealing with similar orientated people. Hence, Introversion/Extroversion would need to be considered against the average).

Sensing (S) v Intuition (N)

Sensing is more of an orientation towards objective verifiable and detailed. The meaning is in the data.

Intuitive is more of an orientation towards the abstract and theorectical. Interested in the wider context and pattern and often with a future orientation.

Thinking (T) v Feeling (F)

Both preferences strive to make rational chocies.

Thinking is a preference for detached decision making on the basis of logical and consistent rules.

Feeling is a preference to arrive at decisions weighing the situation to achieve, on balance, the greatest harmony, consensus and fit, considering the needs of the people involved.

(Nb: It should be noted that the measure is one of preference and not ability)

Judging (J) v Perceiving (P)

Judging types want to show the world their judging function. To have matters settled or what I'd say, be Decisive.
TJ types thus showing the world "logic" and FJ tpes showing "empathy".

Perceiving types want to show the world their perceiving function. Although I do not have a specific definition of "perceiving" it would appear that questions on this trait tend to indicate "structured" versus "unstructured". Perceiving being unstructured. To not have matters settled. "SP types tend to appear to the world as concrete, and NP types as abstract". (Although it would appear that SP is contradictory? Hmmm...).